Nehalem Bay Steelhead Fishing

These powerful, acrobatic fish are prized by anglers for their strength and beauty, making them one of the most sought-after species in the region. Steelhead, a sea-run form of rainbow trout, return to freshwater to spawn, providing multiple opportunities for anglers throughout the year.

This comprehensive guide will cover all the essential aspects of steelhead fishing in Nehalem Bay, including the types of steelhead, best seasons, techniques, gear, prime locations, and tips for success.

Understanding Steelhead in Nehalem Bay

Steelhead are anadromous fish, meaning they are born in freshwater rivers, migrate to the ocean to mature, and return to the rivers to spawn. Nehalem Bay is a vital staging ground for steelhead as they transition between their ocean and river environments. Unlike salmon, which die after spawning, steelhead can return to the ocean and spawn multiple times, making them more resilient and versatile.

There are two primary types of steelhead that migrate through Nehalem Bay:

• Summer Steelhead: These steelhead return to freshwater during the warmer months, typically between May and October. Summer steelhead tend to be smaller than their winter counterparts, usually weighing between 5 and 12 pounds, but they are known for their aggressive strikes and acrobatic battles once hooked.
• Winter Steelhead: Winter steelhead enter the bay and begin their migration upstream between November and March. These fish are generally larger than summer steelhead, often weighing between 8 and 20 pounds, with some trophy fish exceeding 20 pounds. Winter steelhead fishing is particularly popular due to the challenge of catching these powerful fish in cold, rainy conditions.

Both summer and winter steelhead runs offer unique opportunities for anglers, making Nehalem Bay a year-round destination for steelhead fishing.

Best Seasons for Steelhead Fishing in Nehalem Bay

Timing is critical for successful steelhead fishing, as different runs of steelhead migrate through Nehalem Bay at various times of the year. Here’s a breakdown of the best times to target summer and winter steelhead:

• Summer Steelhead: The prime season for summer steelhead is from late May to early September. During this time, the weather is generally more favorable, and the steelhead are actively feeding and aggressive. Early mornings and late afternoons tend to be the best times to fish for summer steelhead, as the cooler temperatures make the fish more active.
• Winter Steelhead: Winter steelhead fishing peaks from December to February, though some fish may be present as early as November and as late as March. The colder, rainier months create more challenging conditions, but the larger size of winter steelhead makes the effort worthwhile. Steelhead are known to be more active in rising water levels after heavy rain, as this signals the fish to begin their upstream journey.

While the seasons for both summer and winter steelhead differ, the tactics and techniques remain largely the same. Success often hinges on understanding the behavior of steelhead during different times of the year and adapting your fishing strategy accordingly.

Steelhead Fishing Techniques in Nehalem Bay

Steelhead fishing requires a combination of patience, precision, and adaptability. There are several techniques commonly used by anglers to target steelhead in Nehalem Bay and the surrounding rivers. Let’s explore some of the most effective methods:

1. Drift Fishing

Drift fishing is one of the most popular techniques for steelhead fishing, especially in the rivers that feed into Nehalem Bay. This method involves casting upstream and allowing the bait or lure to drift naturally with the current. The goal is to present the bait at the steelhead's feeding depth while maintaining contact with the bottom.

• Bait: Drift fishing is often done with natural baits like cured salmon eggs (roe), sand shrimp, or nightcrawlers. Steelhead are opportunistic feeders, and these baits can entice them to strike as they drift by.
• Gear: A medium to heavy-action rod with a sensitive tip is ideal for drift fishing. This allows the angler to detect subtle bites while still having the strength to handle larger fish. A spinning or baitcasting reel with a smooth drag system is recommended, spooled with 10 to 15-pound test line.

2. Float Fishing

Float fishing, or bobber fishing, is another highly effective technique for catching steelhead. This method involves suspending bait or a jig beneath a floating device (bobber) and allowing it to drift through the current. The float keeps the bait at the desired depth, making it easier to target steelhead in deeper pools or slower-moving water.

• Bait and Lures: Common baits for float fishing include cured salmon eggs, sand shrimp, and small pieces of roe. Jigs, typically made of marabou or plastic, are also popular and come in various colors to attract steelhead.
• Tackle: A long rod (9 to 11 feet) designed for float fishing is ideal for this technique. The length helps with controlling the drift and setting the hook when the float dips. Reels spooled with 8 to 12-pound test line are sufficient for most float fishing applications.

3. Plug Fishing

Plug fishing involves using diving lures (plugs) that imitate small fish or other prey items. This method is particularly effective when fishing in deeper sections of Nehalem Bay, where steelhead may be holding near the bottom. Plugs are trolled or cast and retrieved to cover a wide area and provoke reaction strikes from steelhead.

• Lure Selection: Plugs like the Kwikfish or Mag Lip are popular choices for steelhead fishing. These lures come in various sizes and colors, with metallic finishes often working well in the clearer waters of Nehalem Bay.
• Gear: A medium-action rod with a fast tip is recommended for plug fishing. The reel should have a good drag system and be spooled with 12 to 20-pound test line, depending on the size of the steelhead you're targeting.

4. Fly Fishing

Fly fishing for steelhead is a highly specialized technique that requires skill and precision. Many anglers are drawn to fly fishing because of the challenge it presents and the rewarding experience of catching a steelhead on a fly rod. This method is most effective in the upper reaches of the Nehalem River, where the water is shallower and clearer.

• Flies: Steelhead flies typically imitate aquatic insects, baitfish, or egg patterns. Streamers, nymphs, and egg flies are all popular choices. The type of fly used depends on the season and water conditions, with brighter patterns often working well in murky water.
• Gear: A 7 to 9-weight fly rod with a matching reel is ideal for steelhead fishing. Anglers should use a floating or sink-tip fly line, depending on the water depth and the presentation they are trying to achieve.

Best Locations for Steelhead Fishing in Nehalem Bay

Nehalem Bay and its surrounding rivers provide numerous locations where steelhead can be caught. Here are some of the top spots to target:

• Nehalem River: The lower reaches of the Nehalem River, near where it enters the bay, are prime steelhead fishing waters. This section of the river offers deep pools and slower-moving water, which are ideal for both drift and float fishing. As you move upstream, the river becomes more accessible for fly fishing and bank fishing.
• North Fork Nehalem River: This tributary of the Nehalem River is one of the best places to fish for winter steelhead. The North Fork Nehalem Fish Hatchery, located upstream, releases thousands of steelhead each year, providing excellent fishing opportunities near the hatchery and downstream.
• Jetty Area: The mouth of Nehalem Bay, near the jetty, can also produce steelhead during their migration. This area is more commonly fished by boat, and anglers use trolling or casting techniques to cover a large amount of water.
• Upper Nehalem River: For those willing to travel further upstream, the upper stretches of the Nehalem River offer solitude and excellent fly fishing opportunities. The river is narrower and shallower here, making it ideal for wading and presenting flies or lightweight lures.

Tides and Water Conditions

Just like salmon fishing, tides and water conditions play a crucial role in steelhead fishing success in Nehalem Bay. Steelhead are more likely to move into the bay and rivers during periods of rising tides, especially after rainstorms that increase river flow. Anglers should target steelhead during these transitional periods when the fish are actively moving upstream.

Water clarity is also important. Steelhead are more likely to bite in slightly stained water, where they feel less exposed but can still see your presentation. After heavy rains, when the water is muddy or full of debris, fishing can be more challenging.

Gear and Tackle for Steelhead Fishing

Having the right gear is essential for steelhead fishing. Here’s a breakdown of what you’ll need:

• Rods: A medium to medium-heavy action rod, ranging from 8 to 10 feet in length, is ideal for steelhead fishing. Longer rods are better for float fishing and fly fishing, while shorter rods can be used for drift or plug fishing.
• Reels: Spinning and baitcasting reels are both suitable for steelhead fishing. The reel should have a smooth drag system to handle the strong runs of a steelhead. Spool your reel with 10 to 20-pound test line, depending on the technique and size of fish you're targeting.
• Terminal Tackle: A variety of hooks, swivels, and weights are necessary for steelhead fishing. Circle hooks are often used for drift fishing with bait, while treble hooks are more common for lures and plugs.
• Bait and Lures: Steelhead can be caught on a wide range of baits and lures. Natural baits like cured eggs and shrimp work well, as do artificial lures like spinners, spoons, and plugs. Having a variety of options is key to adapting to changing conditions and steelhead preferences.

Regulations and Licensing

Before fishing for steelhead in Nehalem Bay, ensure you have a valid Oregon fishing license and any necessary tags or endorsements for steelhead. Regulations, including bag limits, gear restrictions, and fishing seasons, are set by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW). These regulations are subject to change to protect steelhead populations, so it’s important to stay up-to-date with the latest rules.

Conclusion

Nehalem Bay offers an exceptional steelhead fishing experience, with opportunities to catch both summer and winter steelhead in a stunning natural environment. Whether you’re drift fishing with bait, casting lures from the shore, or fly fishing in the upper reaches of the Nehalem River, the challenge and excitement of landing a steelhead make every trip worthwhile. With the right gear, techniques, and knowledge of the seasons, anglers can enjoy productive and rewarding steelhead fishing in this beautiful Oregon bay.